What biological process involves the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate?

The process that involves the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate is known as nitrification. This is a two-step aerobic process conducted by certain bacteria. In the first step, ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO2-) by a group of bacteria called ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). In the second step, nitrite is further oxidized to nitrate (NO3-) by nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB).

Nitrification is crucial in the nitrogen cycle as it helps in converting toxic ammonia to less harmful forms that can be assimilated by plants. This process not only helps in reducing the toxicity of wastewater but also plays a significant role in the supply of nitrogen, which is an essential nutrient for plant growth.

Understanding nitrification is vital for those in the field of wastewater treatment, as it is a key process in maintaining water quality and promoting the efficient treatment of wastewater.