What can happen if chlorine is over-applied in water treatment processes?

In water treatment processes, over-applying chlorine can lead to the formation of harmful by-products, particularly trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). These by-products are formed when chlorine reacts with organic materials that might be present in the water.

These harmful by-products are concerning because they can pose health risks to consumers, as some, like certain THMs, are known to be carcinogenic. Therefore, managing chlorine application is crucial not only for effective disinfection but also to minimize the risk of generating these harmful compounds.

Ensuring the right balance is key—adequate enough to disinfect effectively without exceeding levels that lead to harmful by-product formation. This highlights the importance of careful monitoring and control in water treatment processes.