What does alkalinity measure in water?

Alkalinity in water specifically measures its buffering capacity against changes in pH. This property is crucial because it indicates the ability of water to resist pH fluctuations when acids or bases are introduced. In practical terms, higher alkalinity means that the water can better neutralize added acids without significant changes in pH. Alkalinity is commonly associated with the presence of bicarbonates, carbonates, and hydroxides in water, which interact with acids and help maintain a stable pH environment.

Understanding alkalinity is vital in various contexts, such as in the treatment of wastewater and in maintaining aquatic ecosystems. For instance, in wastewater treatment, maintaining a stable pH is essential for the efficiency of biological processes and for ensuring regulatory compliance.