What effect does excessive biological growth have on a trickling filter system?

Excessive biological growth in a trickling filter system leads to clogging because the accumulation of biomass (microorganisms) can create a thick layer over the filter media. This layer can impede the flow of wastewater over the media, reducing the system's overall effectiveness. When this biomass grows too dense, it restricts the movement of water, which can hinder the necessary contact between the wastewater and the microorganisms that are responsible for breaking down contaminants. This clogging can ultimately affect the filtration and treatment performance of the system, potentially leading to operational issues or the need for more frequent maintenance or replacements to restore optimal function.