What is the primary aim of activated sludge treatment?

The primary aim of activated sludge treatment is to produce a mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration that meets discharge permit standards. This process is essential because it indicates that the wastewater has undergone sufficient treatment to reduce harmful contaminants to acceptable levels before being released into the environment. The MLSS concentration is a critical performance parameter, as a properly managed activated sludge system will maintain a balance of microorganisms that can effectively break down organic matter and nutrients in the wastewater.

While increasing oxygen levels in wastewater and removing contaminants are important aspects of the treatment process, they are considered means to achieve the overall goal of meeting permit standards. Similarly, minimizing sludge volume is beneficial for operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness, but it is not the primary objective. The focus on producing MLSS that adheres to regulatory standards encapsulates the ultimate aim of ensuring public health and environmental protection through effective wastewater treatment.