What is the term for the slime layer that develops on wetted surfaces with food and nutrients?

The term "biofilm" refers to the slimy layer that forms on surfaces that are in contact with water and contain food and nutrients. Biofilms are composed of microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, and fungi, that adhere to surfaces and develop a protective matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. This matrix allows the organisms within the biofilm to thrive and can contribute to the degradation of organic matter in various environments, including wastewater treatment systems.

Biofilms play a significant role in natural ecosystems as well as engineered systems like wastewater treatment, where they help in the breakdown of pollutants. Their structured communities can enhance the efficiency of biological treatment processes, making them a critical component in managing wastewater effectively.