What phenomenon occurs due to nutrient discharge in water bodies?

The occurrence of algae blooms in water bodies is directly influenced by nutrient discharge, particularly from sources such as agricultural runoff, wastewater effluents, and urban stormwater. When excess nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, enter aquatic environments, they serve as fertilizers, promoting rapid growth of algae. These blooms can be problematic because they often lead to decreased oxygen levels in the water as the algae die and decompose, which can harm aquatic life and lead to fish kills.

The overall impact of algae blooms can also include the production of toxins harmful to both aquatic ecosystems and human health, as well as the alteration of water quality. This phenomenon underscores the critical balance necessary in managing nutrient inputs to water bodies to prevent ecological disruptions and maintain healthy aquatic habitats.