What process measures how much oxygen is required to decompose organic substances in wastewater?

The correct answer is BOD, which stands for Biochemical Oxygen Demand. BOD is a crucial parameter in wastewater treatment as it quantifies the amount of oxygen that microorganisms will consume while decomposing organic matter in the water over a specified period, typically five days at 20 degrees Celsius. It is a key indicator of the organic pollution level in wastewater, reflecting the degree of contamination and the potential impact on the receiving water bodies.

Understanding BOD is essential because it helps wastewater treatment facilities gauge how much organic material is present and how much oxygen will be needed to break it down effectively. This information allows for proper design and operation of treatment processes to ensure that effluent is adequately treated before being discharged into the environment.