What term describes the process where the wastewater is treated to reduce pollutant levels before reaching a receiving body?

The process where wastewater is treated to reduce pollutant levels before it reaches a receiving body is known as effluent treatment. This term encompasses a variety of processes designed to remove contaminants and improve water quality prior to discharge. Effluent refers to the treated liquid waste that is released from a treatment facility, and its treatment is crucial for minimizing the impact on the environment, aquatic life, and public health.

Effluent treatment typically involves a series of processes, including physical, chemical, and biological methods that target specific pollutants. This ensures that the water released back into the environment meets regulatory standards, protecting ecosystems and promoting safe water reuse. In contrast, the other terms do not accurately describe the specific process of treating wastewater before it reaches its final destination; surface runoff pertains to the flow of water over land, pre-treatment refers to initial steps taken before main treatment processes, and post-treatment involves additional processes after the primary treatment phase.